SBL考点推送九(波特五力模型)

Porter’s Five Forces model

1. Bargaining power of buyers
- The quality and frequency of purchases made by the buyer

商品的质量越好,顾客购买的次数越频繁,顾客的议价能力越差,反之则越强

- The level of product differentiation

产品的差异性越强,顾客的议价能力越差

- The profitability of the buyer

顾客盈利行越差,对价格越敏感,议价能力越强

- The quality and delivery timing required by the buyer

顾客对质量的要求越低,以及对运输时间的要求比较宽松,顾客的议价能力越强;反之则越差。

 

2. The bargaining power of suppliers
- The number of suppliers

供应商的数量越多,供应商的议价能力越差;反之则越差。

- The number of substitutes;反之则越差。

替代品的数量越多,供应商的议价能力越差

- The uniqueness and importance of products supplied

商品的独特性或者是重要性越大,供应商的议价能力越强;反之则越差。

 

3. Threats from new entrants
- the strength of barriers to entry进入壁垒
- the likely response of existing competitors市场内现有竞争者的威胁

 

Entry barriers are:

  • Cost disadvantage (not reach economies of scale); 如果不能实现规模经济,则进入壁垒很高
  • Product differentiation, and (or) brand loyalty; 产品差异化很大,顾客品牌忠诚度很高,进入壁垒很大
  • Initial capital requirements; 初始投资成本高,进入壁垒很大
  • Access to distribution channels/favorable access to suppliers; 是否能够获得经销渠道或者供应商,如果不能,意味着进入壁垒大
  • Know-how or skills ; 技术壁垒大,进入壁垒大
  • Regulation;监管严格,进入壁垒大


4. Threats from substitutes

Substitutes will limit the ability of the firm to charge high prices.

 

5. Rivalry amongst competitors
- number and relative strength of competitors; 市场内竞争者的数量多,代表现有竞争很激烈
- growth rate of industry; 市场的增长很慢,代表市场已经进入成熟期或者是衰退期,没有过多的市场份额可以抢夺,市场内竞争激励
- product differentiation; 产品之间差异化程度小,竞争激励
- exit cost;退出成本很高,企业就不会轻易退出,竞争激烈
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