以下文字节选自历年真题，划线部分为结合案例进行分析的部分，未划线部分为通用文字（需要熟练掌握），考试时结合案例进行具体分析。

 

The elements in Project initiation document

 

The project background needs to define the overall purpose of the project（在这句话的后面加上项目的目标）. This will be what the project focuses on throughout.

 

The PID should detail the financial and non-financial objectives for the project, which board will use to determine whether in the end the project has achieved all its outcomes successfully. The financial objectives will be centred on achieving the forecast profit margin and keeping costs within budget. 财务因素上实现的目标

The section also needs to include the non-financial objectives . 项目希望在非财务因素上实现什么样的目标

 

The detailed forecasts of benefits, costs and timings included in the detailed PID will have to be based on a number of relevant assumptions. The PID must explain what these are and the basis on which the assumptions are made. For example, the PID needs to explain assumptions about supply delivery times based on problems caused by the difficult terrain in which some of the construction will take place. The PID also needs to explain whether assumptions about completion dates are based on work being continuous or how many days will be assumed to be lost due to bad weather. Financial assumptions will also be important, particularly about cash and working capital. Certain stages of the project are due to overlap and we need to be sure that sufficient finance will be available at those times particularly.(下划线文字仅为参考，具体的需要结合案例内容进行回答)

 

Linking in with objectives, the PID also needs to state which the most important stakeholders in the project will be, indicating their levels of influence over, and interest in, the project. Betal’s government will obviously be a key stakeholder. The media and the communities along the route which may be affected will be other important stakeholders.

Eg：

– Customers/fare paying passengers

– Station and train staff of Rail Co

– The board of directors

– Rail Co Trust Board

– The government of Beeland

 

Constraints should include fund, time and resources. (not only cost & time)

 

This section should start with the overall project management structure which brings together who has authority and the lines of reporting. You also need to state who will be on the project board which will be overseeing the project, who the other members of the project team will be, and summaries their responsibilities.

Eg：

50. Project manager (Rail Co projects and infrastructure staff)
50. Development team (systems development supplier staff)
50. Rail Co director of projects and infrastructure
50. One NED

 

Review and monitoring will be an integral element to provide assurance to board that we are fulfilling the requirements. The PID will need a separate section detailing the reviews which project team members and senior management will carry out, and the timetable for these reviews. There is a risk that any timetabled reviews will not pick up problems quickly enough.

 

An important part of project management will therefore also be identifying trigger points for management to be informed immediately if, for example, construction is delayed by problems with the natural environment.

 

Project monitoring links in with communication, but the importance of internal and external communication warrants a separate section in the PID. Internal communication will include regular financial and progress reports, as well as one-off reports if required. External communication should link in clearly with the analysis of stakeholders, since it will be a vital part of stakeholder management.

Again, it should include regular reporting as well as protocols for responding to shareholder concerns.

 

The risk section should link to significant risks identified in the annual report. It should include, for these risks, a summary of their likelihood, backed up with justification in the body of the PID.

Eg:

50. Cost overruns
50. Delays to project deadline
50. Lack of customer usage or satisfaction with the system
50. Systems security breaches

 

Performance measurements are used to review and monitor the project progress

Eg:

– Number of tickets sold online

– Number of repeat purchase online

– Reduction in levels of fraud

– Number of customer accounts set up online

– Impact on revenue growth